gozaru
Used to be used by samurais and ninja.
Now you here this only in drama or anime.
拙者の名は半蔵でござる。
せっしゃのなは、はっとりでござる。
My name is Hattori.
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Macho ・★・・・ Cute Uncommon ★・・・・ Common
deska / desuka
noun / adjective + ですか。
Almost same as ですか？ (ending with “?”).
However, without “?”, it can be a non-question sentence often used as a response.
「あの銀行はもう閉まってますよ」「ああ、そうですか」
「あのぎんこうはもうしまってますよ」「ああ、そうですか」
“The bank is closed already” “Oh, is that so…”
Impolite ・・・★・ Polite Informal ・・・★・ Formal Macho ・・★・・ Cute Written ・・・★・ Spoken Uncommon ・・・・★ Common
ka
Usually used in a question sentence.
Also used when you find out something. (kind of talking to yourself)
出身はどこですか？
しゅっしんはどこですか？
Where are you from?
明日、祝日だったのか
あした、しゅくじつだったのか
(I didn’t know that) tomorrow is a national holiday.
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Formality/Politeness differs depending on the word precedes it.
Uncommon ・・・・★ Common
kashira
“I wonder… ”
Same usage as かな.
Sounds feminine. Few guys use this.
You see this quite often in novels or mangas, but you don’t hear it often in real life.
鈴木さん、もう昼ご飯食べたのかしら。
すずきさん、もうひるごはんたべたのかしら。
I wonder if Mr. Suzuki had lunch already.
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Impolite ・・★・・ Polite Informal ・・★・・ Formal Macho ・・・★・ Cute Written ・★・・・ Spoken Uncommon ・★・・・ Common
kamo
maybe, might
明日、パーティー行けるかも。
あした、パーティーいけるかも。
I might be able to come to the party tomorrow.
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Impolite ・★・・・ Polite Informal ・★・・・ Formal Macho ・・★・・ Cute Written ・・・★・ Spoken Uncommon ・・・・★ Common
kayo
noun + かよ。
Used for a negative surprise.
Implies that you didn’t expected the result.
あいつ、また遅刻かよ。
あいつ、またちこくかよ。
That guy is late again.
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Impolite ・★・・・ Polite Informal ★・・・・ Formal Macho ・★・・・ Cute Written ・・・・★ Spoken Uncommon ・・・★・ Common
koto
Verb + こと。
Often used in a task list or a warning message.
Typical “written word” gobi.
この公園ではサッカーをしないこと。
このこうえんではさっかーをしないこと。
Do not play soccer in this park.
あしたお得意様に電話すること。
あしたおとくいさまにでんわすること。
Call the client tomorrow.
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Impolite ・★・・・ Polite Informal ・・★・・ Formal Macho ・・★・・ Cute Written ★・・・・ Spoken Uncommon ・★・・・ Common
shi
In a proper grammar, this is used as a conjunction (means “and”), but it is a common gobi in a regular conversation.
Often used when you add explanation after you say something.
あのひと、モデルみたいだね。細いし、背も高いし。
あのひと、もでるみたいだね。ほそいし、せもたかいし。
That person looks like a model. (She is) Slender and tall.
うわ、この唐辛子めっちゃ辛いし。
うわ、このとうがらしめっちゃからいし。
Wow! This chili pepper is really hot.
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Politeness level differs depending on the word precedes it.
Macho ・・★・・ Cute Written ・・・★・ Spoken Uncommon ・・・★・ Common